What is flu?
Seasonal flu (also known as influenza) is a highly infectious illness caused by the flu virus.
The virus infects your lungs and upper airways, causing a sudden high temperature and general aches and pains, headache, weakness and exhaustion. Symptoms can last for up to one week. You may need to stay in bed until your symptoms get better. Flu affects people of all ages. In some people flu can cause serious complications such as pneumonia.
How the flu vaccine works
The flu vaccine helps your immune system to produce antibodies (proteins that fight infection). If you have had the flu vaccine and you come into contact with the flu virus, the vaccine can stop you from getting sick
The flu vaccine starts to work within 2 weeks.
You need to have the flu vaccine every year. This is because the antibodies that protect you decline over time. Flu strains can also change from year to year.
You can get the flu vaccine for free if you:
- are 60 years of age and over
- are pregnant
- are a child aged 2 to 17 years
- are an adult or child aged 6 months or older at increased risk for flu related complications including those with long term conditions:
- chronic heart disease, including acute coronary syndrome
- chronic liver disease
- chronic renal failure
- chronic respiratory disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, moderate or severe asthma or bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- chronic neurological disease including multiple sclerosis, hereditary and degenerative disorders of the central nervous system
- diabetes mellitus
- haemoglobinopathies
- morbid obesity i.e. body mass index (BMI) over 40
immunosuppression due to disease or treatment (including treatment for cancer) - children with a moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disorder such as cerebral palsy
- children on long term aspirin therapy
- those with any condition that can compromise respiratory function (e.g. spinal cord injury, seizure disorder or other neuromuscular disorder) especially those attending special schools or day centres
- were born with Down syndrome
- live in a nursing home or other long-term care facility
some people should get the vaccine to protect themselves, their families and those they care for. These include
- those who work in healthcare
- only household contacts or carers of people who have an underlying chronic health condition or have Down syndrome are eligible to receive an influenza vaccine. A carer is described as someone who is providing an ongoing significant level of care to a person who is in need of care in the home due to illness or disability or frailty.
- People who are in regular contact with pigs, poultry or waterfowl should get the flu vaccine.
Price
For adults aged 18-59 years who are not in an "at-risk" group as specified by the HSE, you will need to book a private flu vaccination. The price for the service is €30
Safety and effectiveness of the flu vaccine
Getting the flu vaccine is the best way to help protect yourself from getting the flu.
It will not stop all flu viruses and the level of protection may vary. So it's not a 100% effective and you may still get flu.
But if you do get flu after you have the vaccine, it's likely to be milder and you will recover more quickly.
Flu vaccines usually reduce the risk of infection by 40-60%.
Flu vaccines also reduce:
- the severity of illness
- complications from influenza
- flu-related hospitalisations
- admissions to critical care units
Flu vaccine side effects
The most common side effects are mild and include soreness, redness or swelling where the injection was given. Headache, fever, aches, drowsiness and tiredness may occur. You may have mild sweating and shivering as your immune system responds to the vaccine. This is not flu and will pass in a day or so.
Serious side effects such as a severe allergic reaction are rare.
In very rare cases Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been reported (Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a condition that affects the nerves in the body. It causes nerve inflammation and can result in pain, numbness, muscle weakness and difficulty walking). However, the risk of GBS following flu is significantly greater than that following the flu vaccine
More Information
HSE Information on flu vaccine https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/flu-vaccination/
Flu vaccine during pregnancy https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/flu-vaccination/flu-vaccine-pregnancy/
Flu vaccine for healthcare workers https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/flu-vaccination/healthcare-workers/
Flu vaccine for children https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/flu-vaccination/flu-vaccine-for-children/